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baobao 2006-08-30 09:29 考I Listening Comprehension Cg#fKFN=:   Section A h" O(N{W   Directions: In this section, you will hear five short talks. At the end of each talk, you will hear some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. NMv}Pn^3   "61l8tio3   1.   A. They are looking for the news in that journal. ?z;t"ds   B. They do not understand the news. `rx7OIJ:   C. The newsstand probably has the journal. j^z5`wbu+%   D. They are expecting a new journey. Vm;ZtfL_x   2.   A. She has changed her major to economics. )E ji!EJ;T     B. she majors in business administration now. 9|z#\<vr     C. She has studied business administration for three years. d%r+[[@3     D. she does not want to major in business administration. ?zT/>0   3.   A. She bought a carpet and a cleaner. 5rSdtp     B. Someone cleaned Ann’s carpet. oPRY -jF?-     C. Ann purchased a product for cleaning her carpet. v*0Cx$6\"     D. The carpet was cleaned at the supermarket. p@I*7V#u   4.   A. Mr. Brown was at home. {LK_qV]     B. Mr. Brown was in the office. 2V sq=0]     C. Mr. Brown was caught out of town. dgebyf     D. Mr. Brown was on a business trip. nMi$.NV   5.   A. Hardly anybody here speaks frankly. SpbHK@:#     B. Take a different route to get where you are going. c$e}>b9y     C. We have asked everyone to form a straight line. AR?d5dhKxV     D. The questions are complicated, but there is only one right answer. SzQ)g|7;   n W'D)=u   Section B Yr:5er   Directions: In this section, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, you will hear some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. bzijBRuFV   Question 6-8 are based on the talk you have just heard. h zDs(N}   6. On what occasions should you say “Congratulations!”? xRh.EbDn`     A. When somebody offers apologies to you. gDYv_l*%     B. When someone tells an exciting story to you. \?O4HE!     C. When somebody is in an extremely happy occasion. qL#x!yE     D. When people have completed something successfully. 77!arICf   7. What does R.S.V.P .in an invitation mean? Z.D'?r8>     A. Response very promptly. At4fzDK f     B. Response very punctually. r|~enD0N     C. Response, please. |%0i;fHIQH     D. Response very politely. N_fhk*X3   8. What are the two main uses of “I’m sorry” according to the speaker? 0 C L~     A. To express one’s sympathy and regret to someone. v`O3q\     B. To express one’s gratitude to someone. /,>u[K.i     C. To express one’s opinion to someone. ILsNb1 M     D. To express one’s anger to someone. _"A7 ){c   \j(Q-oqk   Question 9-11 are based on the talk you have just heard. Z>_zdT   9. What is the movie Soylent Green about? _6QCw3y     A. The population of New York City in the year 2022. _r7Ci:ofh     B. The life in New York City in the year 2022. G%PE7s?K     C. The ocean plant-soylent. h?a>*p     D. The food and housing problems in the future. \Y5bXb=   10. What is the soylent yellow and red made of? !;e`P\V     A. Ocean plants. w|G7G{^@Ga     B. Crackers. b]\A8 4     C. Soybeans. md)7 {uK6     D. Tomatoes. G JzYZ*"e   11. What might be the main reason of this “scaring reality” according to the speaker? JrQVecEf     A. The gap between the rich and the poor. &  Sms\M     B. The housing shortage in big cities like New York. )y<8     C. The limited job opportunities in New York City. 3zV{r     D. The expansion of big cities and large population.

baobao 2006-08-30 09:30 2 @.ZN1 ;9J     Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then , most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings.  Av+*xz     The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC’s response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics-including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School. ~c$s1=9=%     Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finis their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics. !QWv1F n2M     The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies. ;^xof     The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too. `mYK =0x7   21. By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time,     . L;GH]+Ewg   A. most of them died of some sickness ~8rwp%@^   B. their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobs AHw{R Lr   C. most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subject oj5'FN<{   D. most of their grants run out yY'U[d   22. Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive PhD grants from ESRC, because the completion rate of its PhD students’ theses within four years is lower than E Nz=l9q       . uM0015TI   A. 25%           B. 40%           C. 39%           D. 10% .r}(&^Krd   23. All the following statements are the arguments against ESRC’s policy except     . S^nT;n   A. all the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negative vr}kPZR7X   B. there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics. 3-Nc6YW   C. many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses. rvi_$|   D. some polytechnics are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance Nxp=tZAR   24. The ESRC would prefer     . :k@Qv^}6   A. that the students were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained as researchers. G[A"MP   B. to see higher standards of PhD students’ theses and more ambitious doctoral topics  -[F]u   C. more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD students. *c9[OoD"   D. that PhD students were less modest in their aims ylD2p[%$\   25. what the ESRC can do is to     . elEx:R[l   A. force departments to give graduates more teaching time aP{s=|z[ll   B. try to persuade universities to change their ways #G\*0)X   C. dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners ,^-k#,   D. note that students want more research training and less elaborate style of thesis >! m@>!   =fi8GeH1   3 vA~v[x=     Influenza should not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousands of people every year at a very high cost to the economy, hits hardest the young and the elderly, and is most dangerous for people over the age of 65. influenza is mainly a seasonal illness of the winter months, though in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and the Pacific it can occur all the year round. n+ C T\SAE     The damaging effects of influenza can be prevented by immunization, but constant changes of antigenic specificity of the virus necessitate a different composition of the vaccine from one year to another. The network of WHO Collaborating Centers for Influenza and national institutes carries out influenza surveillance activities to monitor the evaluation of influenza virus strains, and WHO hold an annual consultation at the end of February to recommend the composition of the vaccine for the forthcoming epidemiological season. These recommendations are published immediately in the Weekly epidemiological record. "F[iq7d\     Vaccination each year against influenza is recommended for certain high-risk populations. In closed or semi-closed settings, maximum benefit from immunization is likely to be achieved when more than three-quarters of the population are vaccinated so that the benefit of “herd immunity” can be exploited. Special care should be taken of the following groups: Dd M&(K     --adults and children with chronic disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systems requiring regular medical follow-up or who had been hospitalized during the previous year, including children with asthma; \3sb     --residents of nursing homes and other establishments for patients of any age with chronic medical conditions; #M=u(G.     --all people over the age of 65. |DE&hlj     Physicians, nurses, and other personal in primary and intensive care units, who are potentially capable of transmitting influenza to high risk persons, should be immunized; visiting nurses and volunteer workers providing home care to high-risk persons should also be included. {S2Y|`   26. This passage     . 9%M{/#@   A. concerns the damaging effects of influenza m#?<.T{[   B. mentions the steps of fighting against the harmful effects of influenza y`]iqb"v   C. emphasizes the worry expressed by all age groups 9%NI~aE   D. both A and B &\Z<V{y-   27. That a different component part of the vaccine is necessary is principally due to the variable change of       . +NXM:\?Fj   A. virus         B. strain         C. antigen     D. immunization 7.L,ebQTr   28. Which has been done by World Health Organization in combating the bad effects of influenza? V"?#%zV   A. supervising the assessment of influenza virus strains. \?wPmF>d   B. Holding meetings twice a year to provide the latest data concerning the composition of the vaccines. &s'ZcE   C. Publishing the related information in a WHO almanac. '1_OaZ   D. Stressing the importance of preventing influenza for people living in tropical areas of Asia. Q_f !Z   29. According to the passage, high-risk persons exclude which of the following kinds of people ? (z+L*BZ   A. Children suffering from asthma. +Ol:9@oU5   B. The elderly with chronic pulmonary diseases. h#6BnS]   C. Middle aged people with chronic heart diseases. ^m"%W$qX"   D. Nurses taking special care of the sick. ^tU*=c%8j   30. In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed? .&{%W W   A. A surgery book. Y'74@<2-   B. A psychology book ~ym-hH   C. An epidemiology book. >~j"i   D. An obstetrics book

baobao 2006-08-30 09:31 4 *eQ4%,^@y     In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science can not really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, we have told all thee is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can conclude that objects fall to the ground because that is where they belong, and smoking goes up because that is where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation. DN4EVi'   31. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is     . R6}g=+A   A. to explain why things happen i_"KgnS#   B. to explain how things happen _H,! c8C   C. to describe self-evident principles o:uzm2|   D. to support Aristotelian science ^A/bNhF   32. what principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years? _k$5ibmV   A. The speculations of Thales I>Cc)m`A|   B. The forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravity }snr 65   C. Aristotle’s natural science KkkxKHuu0   D. Galileo’s discoveries ";&ZDH4@Y   33. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is       . ?nW+pb   A. disapproved of by most modern scientists QFq^Atjr   B. in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles 9+ `7!J   C. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things happen &% '1}   D. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why ” things happen g/T}F[   34. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea     . CyZO<4I&   A. that there are mysterious forces in the universe c,U[O 6e9]   B. that man can not discover what forces “really” are P0Py}CXh   C. that there are self-evident principles ieu"<Wc   D. that we can discover why things behave as they do 51k{NVgt   35. Which of the following is the topic most likely to be discussed right after the passage? ugf5-   A. The most recent definition of “explain” \K-HQ:ds   B. The relationship between science and religion tQC5+Ea NI   C. The limitations of science `L?+>%q   D. Galileo and the birth of modern science. G^sFf g#   1+A_Lw(\   5 JpWH;     Some weeks ago, riding in a cab from Boston to Cambridge, my driver turned and asked me what I did for a living . “Teach English”, I said. “Is that so? ” The young man continued. “I was an English major” But then, instead of chatting idly about Joyce or dropping the subject altogether, this driver caught me short. “You guys,” he said, turning back so that his furry face pressed into the glass partition, “ought to be shot” I think he meant it . Jq)c`Si     The guilty party in this present state of affairs is not really the academic discipline. It is not the fault of English and philosophy and biology that engineering and accounting and computer science afford students better job opportunities and increased flexibility in career choice. Literature and an understanding of, say, man’s evolutionary past are as important as ever. They simply are no longer perceived in today’s market as salable. That is a harsh economic fact. And it is not only true in the United States. Employment prospects for liberal arts graduates in Canada, for example, are said to be the worst since the 1930s. QV?_xvn/`     What to do? I think it would be shortsighted for colleges and universities to advise students against majoring in certain subjects that do not appear linked (at least directly) to careers. Where our energies should be directed instead is toward the development of educational programs that combine course sequences in the liberal arts with course in the viable professions. Double majors---one for enrichment, one for earning one’s bread---have never been promoted very seriously in our institutions of higher learning, mainly because liberal arts and professional-vocational faculties have long been suspicious or contemptuous of one another. Thus students have been directed to one path or the other, to the disadvantage of both students and faculty. w8z:-e2     A hopeful cue could be taken, it seems to me, from new attempts in the health profession(nursing and pharmacy, for example), where jobs are still plentiful, to give the humanities and social sciences a greater share of the curriculum. Why could not the traditional history major in the college of arts and sciences be pointed toward additional courses in the business school, or to engineering, or to physical therapy? This strategy requires a new commitment from both the institution and the student and demands a much harder look at the allocation of time and resources. But in an age of adversity, double majors are one way liberal arts students can more effectively prepare for the world outside. *t] !>2_0   36. What is the chief purpose of double majors? U4o&?6j   A. To help graduates of history major become successful businessmen. v( w%u#   B. To provide liberal arts graduates with a method of meeting effectively the challenge in employment. j:ODI   C. To extend their knowledge learnt in the college. ]CU1z,|   D. To moderate the tension between liberal arts and vocational faculties. UH:mT;|I   37. In paragraph 1, the sentence “You guys ought to be shot” shows that at heart the driver     . mUA;zNbO   A. felt greatly regretted about the major he had chosen 5A?^g   B. felt a deep hatred for all the English teachers in his former college (#$e-   C. complained that his teachers hadn’t taught him how to survive in this competitive society. L15qHQ;?   D. held a deep contempt in the author because of his scholastic manner !$8>$U'   38. It can be inferred from the passage that the blame for the present state of affairs lies in the fact that       . yko(7   A. the course sequences themselves are unreliable. _QFSHu\i3   B. more and more students start to select science majors _7o1qsM   C. almost none of the specialties the students major in might be salable in today’s market ?Zvfa0p. .   D. the opportunities of employment are scarce for graduates of non-science majors rStui*   39. The obstacles in course sequences in academic schooling are indicated in all of the following EXCEPT     . |-c?Gj%Ui   A. the misguidance of major-selection in some of the institutions of higher learning iQ&N68<%[_   B. the current curriculum couldn’t keep up with the development of the society p`%`<W   C. the inharmonious relation among the teaching faculties y,_Bw   D. the authorities of higher learning attach only little importance to course sequences LGvnw   40. This passage can best be titled as       . d !P42VYn   A. Harsh Economic Fact T3{BB25   B. Double Majors, a Way Out xiqCkG1E1   C. Careers, Schooling fro Better Ys{``nW   D. Market for Graduates

baobao 2006-08-30 09:32 6 x,S&_ K/     Does an unborn baby know his mother’s voice? psychology professor Anthony DeCasper advised an ingenious experiment to find out. He placed padded earphones over a newborn’s ears and gave him a bottle nipple attached to a closed rubber tube. Changes in pressure in the tube switched channels on a tape recorder. If the baby paused extra long between bursts of sucking, he heard on channel; if he paused shorter than average, he heard the other. The baby now had the ability, in effect to change channels. o^M1#     DeCasper found that newborns choose the recording of their mother’s voice over that of another woman’s. The baby, however, has no innate interest in his father’s voice, which is heard in the womb only from time to time, while the mother’s voice is ever present. Within two weeks after birth, however, the baby can recognize Dad’s voice too. 3f~`01UT     A newborn is even attuned to the cadence and rhythm of his native language. In a French study using a setup similar to DeCasper’s, French babies given the choice between French and Russian words responded more to the sound of French. HZCO@Sf}|     Brian Satt, a research specialist in clinical psychology, has parents sing a lullaby-like “womb song” to their babies. The unborn baby often develops a specific, consistent movement pattern when its song is sung. According to Satt, most parents can calm a fussy newborn with the song most of the time, which is a prize worth more than rubies to a new parent. B g,.M     He is roused by a heavy jolt. His mother has tripped and fallen heavily on one hip. He is much too well cushioned to experience any injury, but her pain and the fear that she may have hurt him floods both their bodies with adrenaline and other stress-related hormones. He cries and kicks vigorously, a cry never heard because there is no air to make sound. As she recovers the stress hormones ebb away, and he calms down too. !Q)Sbz5   41. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the unborn baby in the passage? RHh[VcpU3   A. An unborn baby can occasionally hear his father’s voice. "QOI UT   B. Dc. Casper’s approach proved absolutely effective in a French experiment. 869FI4F   C. An unborn baby is able to identify the tone and rhythm of his native language. dQ":]8q"   D. Parents are able to soothe a fussy newly-born baby. #G^I{`)n   42. According to the author, an unborn baby     . cUtC^XO"   A. is unable to identify his mother’s lullaby after birth tq(G3]/k,   B. is able to identify his mother’s voice rather than that of others’ 4IZgd,   C. is able to help release adrenaline and other stress-related hormones d g6S q   D. is able to distinguish French accent from Russian accent Nt<sCH   43. It is known from the passage that     . >:Kpr N9   A. mother’s stress, anger, shock or grief might not hurt the unborn baby in the womb sX7]-_J(   B. an unborn baby’s cry might never be heard because of the particular condition of the womb. $60I`ey   C. lullabies are the most precious means to young parents *vX;b~lGnY   D. an unborn baby has to move at intervals in the womb 8 y.={NQH!   44. The author believes that the reaction of an unborn baby to his mother’s voice     . $-kFVK%v>   A. belongs to one of the natural tendencies h<t5s(f   B. is an indication which shows an unborn baby can use all his senses after birth g`h(^J   C. is but a physiological circulation of any human being xr}60u"   D. is the most important factor which leads an unborn baby to the survival in the womb *ZVda"Vi   45. It can be assumed that the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discussed     . S3vaoA~*   A. the development of the baby in his mother’ s womb vR(R#R d_   B. the well-developed taste buds of the baby h)'U#!rm   C. the fact that the baby remains motionless just as what he performs in the first month of his mother’s pregnancy |19Pe>6S0   D. the fact that the baby can start to use some of his senses by the last few weeks of pregnancy o g# n2`   .7?V@f   Ⅲ. Translation and Writing (55 points) /ld oS{s   Part A Translation 2b7EP3   Translate the following into Chinese (30 points): 7OYEwlJ   'f4b1nya*   Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. Engineering has been defined as the creative application of “scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination.” The term engineering is sometimes more loosely defined, especially in Great Britain, as the manufacture or assembly of engines, machine tools, and machine parts. bwj_j   Associated with engineering is a great body of special knowledge; preparation for professional practice involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. The function of the scientist is to know, while that of the engineer is to do. The scientist adds to the store of verified, systematized knowledge of the physical world; the engineer brings this knowledge to bear on practical problems. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and mathematics and their extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and systems analysis. 7KcI=Nz"             >i$/H~   2 ^N*M\i[S   Although for the purpose of this article English literature is treated as being confined to writings in English by natives or inhabitants of the British Isles, it is to a certain extent the case that literature---and this is particularly true of the literature written in English---knows no frontiers. Thus, English literature can be regarded as a cultural whole of which the mainstream literatures of the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada and important elements in the literatures of other commonwealth countries are parts. It can be argued that no single English novel attains the universality of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace. Yet in the Middle ages the Old English literature was influenced and gradually changed by the Latin and French writings, eminently foreign in origin in which the churchmen and the Norman conquerors expressed themselves. From this combination emerged a flexible and subtle linguistic instrument exploited by Geoffrey Chaucer and brought to supreme application by William Shakespeare.

goon 2006-09-06 09:23 万分感谢楼主！！ frF2~"FF[^   请问楼主还有近些年的考博试题么？ wTbKcLthh   或者能告知怎样得到么？ Cgk94kF>qi   l%^|jGcy   谢谢谢谢~~~

xy115 2006-09-19 13:39 求电影艺术类专业考博试题！！！！！！

三色水晶 2006-10-19 16:10 真想看看近三年的英语试题如何？

zrhdj 2006-10-28 11:06 文字谢谢斑竹啊。要是有从03-06的就给看看啊。还有，有没有教育学的专业题呢。

zrhdj 2006-10-28 11:08 谢谢。 2\)/|9Qo   有没有教育学的专业题呢。

tangting1018 2007-02-10 13:22 有答案吗?

redleaf 2007-07-08 21:44 谢谢楼主了！

五月花儿 2007-07-15 11:38 真是太感谢啦

hrj9 2007-10-11 03:18 有答案吗?

千万次回眸 2008-01-07 13:46 楼主,有近三年的考博英语试题吗?有的话共享下吧,考上了请你吃大餐好好谢谢哈 nAtu4f W   我的邮箱:sdbabyhan@sohu.com

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